It is performed by trained & licensed speech-language pathologists, often known as speech therapists.
Speech therapy technique is used to improve communication among patients.
Speech therapy includes articulation therapy, language intervention activities, & other stuff depending on the type of speech or language disorder.
Speech Therapy is necessary for speech disorders that occur in childhood, along with speech problems in adults often caused by a stroke, an illness, or a brain injury.
Who needs Speech Therapy?
Speech Therapy helps treat several speech & language disorders in patients. These include:
Articulation Disorders: Articulation Disorders refer to the inability to properly form certain word sounds. Children or adults with this disorder might not be able to pronounce certain words properly, or pronounce them with an added sound. For example, a child with articulation disorder might pronounce ‘this’ as ‘thith’.
Fluency Disorders: People with fluency disorders face problems with speaking fluently or clearly in a sentence. Stuttering & cluttering are some examples of a fluency disorder. A person with stuttering may repeat certain words or be unable to complete a sentence without a ‘stutter’, & a person with cluttering may speak too fast & mix words together.
Resonance Disorders: A resonance disorder happens when a blockage or obstruction of regular airflow in the nasal or oral cavities results in alteration of the vibrations responsible for delivering a proper quality of voice. This disorder can also occur if the velopharyngeal valve doesn’t close properly. Cleft palate, neurological disorders, and swollen tonsils can all cause Resonance Disorders.
Receptive Disorders: Someone with receptive disorder fails to understand & process what others are saying. This can cause people with this disorder to seem uninterested, slow, confused to others in a conversation, along with causing them problems in understanding directions & following orders through.
Disorders like autism, hearing loss, & a head injury can all cause receptive disorders.
Expressive Disorders: Expressive disorder refers to a difficulty in expressing or conveying information. People with expressive disorders may find it difficult to create properly structured sentences & use incorrect verb forms or tenses.
Developmental disorders like Down syndrome & hearing loss can cause Expressive Disorders, so can head injuries & any serious trauma.
Cognitive-Communication Disorders: Cognitive-communication disorders occur when an injury or damage to the part of the brain that controls speech & your ability to think causes problems with speech & understanding others.
It can cause memory loss, a decrease in problem-solving capabilities difficulty speaking, or listening to others. Biological problems like abnormal brain development, & some neurological symptoms like a brain injury or stroke can cause cognitive-communication disorders.
Aphasia: Aphasia is an acquired speech disorder that affects a person’s ability to speak clearly & understand others properly. Aphasia usually occurs following a stroke & other brain disorders.
Dysarthria: Dysarthria is a condition that results from problems with controlling the muscles used in speaking. It causes a person to slur their words & slow down their speech. Dysarthria often results from nervous system disorders that cause facial paralysis & throat & tongue weakness like Multiple Sclerosis(MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), & stroke.
How Speech Therapy helps patients?
Speech Therapy works by retraining a patient’s brain or other systems of the body to speak & articulate properly, as well as redevelop cognitive skills to help them understand others & study situations better.
Speech therapy for children:
Speech therapy for children consists of exercises & activities depending on your child’s age, the exact speech disorder they have, & the level of their motor skills.
During speech therapy, the speech-language therapist might:
Interact with them through talking & playing, as well as using books & pictures of other objects to help train them language intervention & language stimulation skills.
Musing age-appropriate play to model certain sounds & syllables to help children get familiar with them & pronounce them better
Provide adequate instructions & easy-to-follow homework & guidelines for parents &/or caregivers of the child on how to perform speech therapy on the child at home
Speech therapy for adults:
Speech therapy for adults focuses on training them in speech functions, language skills, as well as cognitive-communication.
It also helps retrain them to help with their swallowing & eating difficulties along with speech & language difficulties, as happens in Parkinson’s disease & oral cancer.
Speech therapy exercises for adults may involve:
Problem solving, memory, & organization activities, along with other activities & exercises aimed at improving cognitive-communication skills
Conversational exercises to help improve language & speech skills
Breathing exercises for resonance & oral exercises to strengthen the jaw & other muscles used in speech
Along with this, patients can also make use of specialized apps to help them speak & pronounce words better, along with certain workbooks & video lessons from their speech therapist.
Which are the top 10 speech therapy centers in Jaipur?
The top 8 speech therapy centers in Jaipur that help patients, both children & adults improve their speech & get over their speech & language impairments are:
Dr. Anita Bhandari’s Vertigo & Ear Clinic: Provides excellent speech therapy services & specially trained speech therapists & language trainers to help patients get over their stutter & other speech difficulties caused by a range of neurological as well as genetic issues
Lavanya Speech & Hearing center: Another great speech therapy center in Jaipur, has speech therapy experts with over 10 years of experience in speech therapy & other language issues. Good track record of service.
Sai Speech & Hearing Center: They provide excellent diagnostic, speech therapy, expert audiologists, & hearing loss treatment services in Jaipur. Experienced professionals with good reputations.
Perfect Speech & Hearing Clinic: Provides excellent-quality speech therapy training for adults as well as children & helps them get over their swallowing, speaking, & eating difficulties.
Kuber Speech & Hearing Center: Helps people get over their speech impediments by providing professional grade speech-therapy services & language training to help them articulate better.
Eternal Hospital: Provides expert speech-training services for children & helps them improve their speech skills, language efficiency, & also solves their eating & swallowing difficulties.
CureWell Clinic: Provides excellent speech therapy for children with hearing impairment & speech difficulties, along with consultation for other hearing issues & neurological disorders.
Swastik Speech & hearing clinic: Helps kids with hearing issues & speech disabilities improve their speech skills & language efficiency with highly skilled & expert speech therapy sessions.
Hearing loss is one of the most common health complaints faced by people across the globe.
Although it generally bothers people of advanced ages, hearing loss can sometimes also be seen in middle aged people as well as young adults.
The proper treatment for a hearing problem depends on the exact causes & the underlying illness(es) causing it.
If you’re experiencing hearing loss, the first thing to do is visit a professional & get a hearing test done.
Getting proper treatment for hearing loss is essential at whichever stage it is caught, as it can slowly but surely begin to interfere with your everyday life.
Overtime, it can become difficult for you to follow through with any conversations you’re having with other people, which can significantly impact your personal & professional life.
People suffering from hearing problems & hearing loss are also shown to be at a higher risk of developing psychological issues later in life, including social anxiety & depression.
Hearing loss also increases your risk of physical injuries, traffic accidents, & general mishappenings in your daily activities.
Owing to all these reasons, & also to ensure you have a wholesome, happy life experience, it’s important to get prompt treatment for hearing loss & any other hearing problems you might be having.
Causes of Hearing Loss:
Presbycusis, also known as age-related hearing loss, is by far the most common type of hearing loss encountered today.
This happens due to aging; the hair cells in the ear that help with hearing functions get weaker with advancing age & eventually stop working altogether.
This is also the primary reason why almost half of all people over the age of 75 years experience hearing loss & some type of hearing problems.
Age-related hearing loss is referred to as a kind of sensorineural hearing loss, which means that it originates inside the inner ear &/or the auditory nerves. It is caused by damage to the hair cells of the inner ear, which can either be due to old age or exposure to very loud noise or sounds.
This exposure can take place either at once or over a period of time.
Unfortunately, this type of hearing loss (i.e., sensorineural hearing loss) is permanent in nature, as the damaged hair cells in the inner ear can’t be restored back to normal.
For people experiencing sensorineural hearing loss, hearing aids are the standard treatment option to bring back a degree of normalcy in their lives.
Cochlear implants & bone-anchored hearing aids may also be recommended to you in some particular cases of hearing loss.
Below, we take a deeper look into each of these hearing loss treatment options.
Hearing Aids
Hearing Aids are the best form of treatment for patients with natural hearing loss. If your doctor recommends hearing aids for your hearing problems, then they will work with you to calibrate the hearing aids to your specific condition. This process is also called ‘fitting’.
The basic purpose of hearing aids is to amplify the external sound that the person is hearing.
Today’s hearing aids can be precisely calibrated to your personal requirements, amplifying a few certain sounds while minimizing all the other sounds.
Hearing Aids can’t restore or mimic a person’s natural hearing, but they can ensure a minimal level of hearing for a person with moderate to severe hearing loss.
Depending on the degree of the hearing loss experienced & the extent of the hearing problems faced, your doctor may recommend you to wear your hearing aids either behind the ear or in the ear.
If you experience hearing loss in both ears, then two hearing aids might be better than one.
Since Hearing Aids are used to treat hearing loss externally, there are usually little to no side effects of those.
Cochlear Implants
If hearing aids don’t treat your hearing loss, then your doctor might suggest cochlear implants instead.
Cochlear implants, as the name suggests, are surgically installed inside the ear, & help the patient make sense of the various sounds that are present in the external environment.
Unlike hearing aids, these do not work as soon as they’re installed, & require time for the patient to get acquainted with them.
Post the cochlear implant surgery, you will need to work with a speech specialist, a hearing specialist, & an audiometrist to help you hear external sounds with the cochlear implants.
Cochlear implants are often an excellent choice for older people with age-related hearing loss, as hearing aids might not be very helpful in their position.
Once you get used to the cochlear implants, you will find them extremely helpful in deciphering external sounds & helping you live a better quality of life.
There are also certain other kinds of hearing devices called the Assistive Listening Devices that help you have a better hearing experience while watching TV or listening to music.
When it comes to hearing while talking to others, hearing aids & cochlear implants are the better choices.
Want to know more about hearing problems, hearing issues, & hearing devices? Visit www.vertigoandearclinic.com for more information.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, also known as BPPV, is a type of Vertigo which is by far the most common in Vertigo patients.
BPPV is caused by an inner ear issue, & leads patients to feel as if the room around them is spinning & their surroundings are moving even when they are perfectly still.
BPPV is usually not a serious condition, as the term Benign in its name specifies. It is usually triggered by certain head movements, as the term positional in the name suggests.
BPPV symptoms also hit suddenly & last for short bursts of time, as suggested by the term positional in its name.
If you have BPPV, you don’t need to worry at all. It is quite a common condition, & can be easily treated by a Vertigo doctor.
BPPV symptoms often resemble those of other conditions, & can be quite hard to diagnose at first.
BPPV is usually not fatal, unless it increases your chances of falling while performing certain activities like walking, jumping, mountain climbing, driving, weightlifting, etc.
BPPV Symptoms:
BPPV symptoms occur suddenly, & often makes the patient feel as if they’re spinning, moving, or about to fall down.
They are often triggered by a change in the position of the head, or any movement that can irritate the position of the calcium crystals misplaced inside the semicircular canal.
Some of the most common BPPV symptoms include:
A feeling of the surroundings spinning or moving,
Nausea or vomiting,
Motion sickness & general unsteadiness,
Lightheadedness & fainting
How to test which ear is affected by BPPV?
Sit up on your bed such that your head hangs over the edge when you lie down.
Turn your head in the right direction & quickly lie down.
Wait a minute before performing the next steps. If you feel dizzy during this time, then it means that your ride sight is affected by BPPV.
If no dizziness occurs, sit up, wait for a while, & repeat the test on the left side.
If you feel dizzy when doing the test on your left side, then that means your left side is the one affected by BPPV.
BPPV Causes:
Inside the ear, lie tiny calcium crystals also called otoconia. Sometimes, these crystals can break from their original position inside the middle ear & deposit inside the semicircular canal of the inner ear.
When this happens, they cause problems with the way the vestibular system located inside the inner ear functions to keep the body’s balance.
These tiny calcium crystals are motion sensitive, thus causing false sensations of motion everytime the patient moves their head in certain ways.
Many actions can trigger the feelings of BPPV. These include:
Rolling over to the side of bed,
Getting in & out of bed,
Bending during yoga,
Tripping your head back during a session at the salon,
Performing any activities that require certain specific head movements
BPPV diagnosis:
In order to provide you with an accurate BPPV treatment plan, your doctor will have to diagnose your condition with precision.
Your doctor will usually ask for a history of your symptoms, & any other illnesses or injuries you have had in the recent past.
Your doctor will also look for any abnormal eye movements, also called nystagmus. Nystagmus is an undeniable physical symptom of Vertigo, which will pretty much seal your BPPV diagnosis.
Your doctor will also check if any of your symptoms occur when you move your head in certain ways & directions, another tell-tale sign of BPPV.
If a physical exam is inconclusive, your doctor might also recommend the Electronystagmus test( the ENG test), &/or the Videonystagmoraphy test( the VNG test), along with the MRI test.
BPPV treatments:
Most cases of BPPV episodes are short-lasting in nature, & go away on their own.
BPPV treatments usually focus on reinstating the misplaced calcium crystals in the inner ear back to their original position.
They do this with the help of certain exercises called the canalith repositioning maneuvers, which help move the displaced calcium crystals back to their original position.
The most common canalith repositioning maneuvers that doctors use to move the displaced calcium crystals back into their original position are:
Epley Maneuver: The Epley Maneuver is a very well-known Vertigo exercise that vertigo specialists recommend for BPPV treatment. The Vertigo exercise involves moving your head in certain directions to help the displaced calcium crystals fall back into their original position.
The Epley Maneuver is known to be very effective when it comes to long-lasting BPPV treatment. It involves a few very simple steps that you can even carry out at home. Although in the beginning, you will be required to perform the Epley Maneuver under the supervision of a Vertigo specialist.
Semont Maneuver: The Semont maneuver takes about 15 minutes to complete, & involves certain specific head movements similar to the Epley Maneuver.
Although it is a bit less common than the Epley Maneuver, it has a wide success rate in BPPV treatment, next only to the Epley Maneuver.
Medicines: BPPV treatment also includes various medications like meclizine, diazepam, dramamine, phenergan, & scopolamine. Patients are supposed to take Vertigo medicines along with performing dizziness & vertigo exercises for effective BPPV treatment.
Surgery: In some cases, surgical interventions may be required for effective & long-lasting BPPV treatment. Doctors will aim to remove the displaced calcium crystals inside the ear with the help of surgical instruments to effectively treat your BPPV symptoms once & for all.
The surgical approach is usually taken when all other BPPV treatment procedures fail, & your BPPV symptoms are getting worse overtime.
Want to know more about BPPV, its signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, & prognosis? Visit www.vertigoandearclinic.com.
Vestibular Migraine is a condition in which people with an existing history of migraines experience recurring dizziness or Vertigo.
The way it differs from traditional migraines is that the patients of Vestibular Migraine don’t always experience headaches.
Vestibular Migraines are known by multiple names, some of which are:
Migraine-associated Vertigo,
Migrainous Vertigo,
Migraine-related Vestibulopathy,
Vestibular Migraine symptoms:
Vestibular Migraines don’t always have noticeable symptoms. The primary symptom seems to be dizziness that comes & goes.
The word Vestibular refers to the inner ear, which houses the body’s vestibular system that is responsible for controlling & maintaining the body’s balance.
If you suffer from Vestibular Migraines, you may feel one or more of the following symptoms:
Dizziness that doesn’t go away even after a few minutes,
Nausea & vomiting
Problems with balance & orientation
Feeling dizzy when you move your eyes, head, or neck, otherwise known as extreme motion sensitivity
Feeling confused or disoriented,
A general feeling of unsteadiness,
Sound sensitivity
It’s important to note that you may experience balance problems & dizziness without necessarily having vestibular migraine.
The vertigo symptoms may occur after, before, or during an episode of Vestibular Migraine.
In some cases, patients might suddenly begin experiencing Vertigo symptoms a long time after getting diagnosed with Vestibular Migraine.
Vestibular Migraine causes:
While most doctors & experts aren’t exactly sure as to what causes Vestibular Migraine, many believe it to be because of certain misfires between the brain & the various nerve cells that carry balance/movement information.
It can be hard to figure out just how many people are affected by Vestibular Migraine, although medical researchers put it close to 1% of the entire population. This number however, could very well be higher.
Much like traditional migraines, the incidence of Vestibular Migraine is higher among women as compared to men.
While most people begin experiencing Vestibular Migraine symptoms around the age of 40 years, it is not a hard & fast rule. The condition has also been observed in kids & young adults.
Vestibular Migraine diagnosis:
There are no blood or imaging tests that can tell doctors for sure if a patient indeed has Vestibular Migraine. Although the International Headache Society & other related organizations have rolled out a criteria to help doctors diagnose Vestibular Migraine in patients. The same is listed below.
A patient can be suffering from vestibular migraine if:
They have had migraines or an episode of migraine in the past,
They have had at least 5 episodes of Vertigo that makes them feel like they are spinning or moving. The latter two symptoms are important as this feeling has to be different from general fainting & motion sickness.
Each of these episodes last anywhere between 5 minutes to 72 hours,
The symptoms are in the range of moderate to severe. They have to be significantly affecting the patient’s daily life & their ability to perform daily tasks.
The patient has experienced one of the following symptoms in at least half of the migraine episodes: A headache that is either one-sided, pulsing, with moderate to severe intensity, & gets worse with time; sensitivity to light or sound; seeing shimmering or flashing lights in your vision, also called a migraine aura.
Your doctors are also likely to run an MRI test on your brain & hearing + balance tests to rule out any other causes of your symptoms. These other causes can include Meniere’s Disease, which can be easily ruled out with a hearing test, &/or brainstem stroke, which requires immediate attention.
Treatment for Vestibular Migraine:
There are no specific medications for vestibular migraines. The treatment for Vestibular Migraine focuses on abortive therapy instead of a reductive one. The various medications that are used in the treatment for Vestibular Migraine are:
Triptans, which should be taken at the first occurrence of a headache,
Vestibular suppressants, which work on the balance centre inside the inner ear & reduces dizziness along with motion sensitivity. Medicines under this category include benzodiazepines like lorazepam (Ativan), anti-nausea drugs like promethazine and antihistamines like meclizine.
For severe migraine headaches, your doctor might recommend drugs that are similar to traditional migraine preventive medicines. You need to take these regularly to reduce the frequency & severity of vestibular migraine attacks. Seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines ( including beta blockers & calcium channel blockers), & antidepressants. There is also another class of preventive medicines called CGRP inhibitors that your doctor might recommend in case any other medications don’t work.
Additionally, certain medications might also be used as part of your treatment for vestibular migraine to provide you with a little relief from your symptoms. These include:
Antiseizure drugs like gabapentin (Gralise, Horizant, Neurontin), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Topamax, Topamax Sprinkle, Trokendi XR), or valproate (Depakote, Depakene, Stavzor).
Blood pressure medicines
beta-blockers - atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), propranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal LA, Inderal XL, and InnoPran XL)
calcium channel blockers; verapamil (Isoptin)
Tricyclic antidepressants - amitriptyline, nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor)
SSRIs - citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Rapiflux, Sarafem, Selfemra), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), and sertraline (Zoloft)
SNRIs - duloxetine (Cymbalta, Irenka) and venlafaxine (Effexor)
Certain diet changes like reducing the intake of chocolate, cheese, alcohol, and foods with the preservative MSG, & avoiding common vestibular migraine triggers can also help in treatment for Vestibular Migraine.
To read more about Vestibular Migraine, its diagnosis, treatment options, & management therapies, click here.
